COMACOE (Coastal Marine Construction & Engineering Ltd) is hiring skilled professionals and fresh talent to join their dynamic team.
Whether you’re an experienced professional in hydrographic surveying or a fresh graduate eager to gain field experience, COMACOE offers various roles to suit your skills and career aspirations.
COMACOE is Hiring for Offshore Career Opportunities for Skilled Professionals & Fresh Graduates.
COMACOE is Hiring for Offshore Career Opportunities for Skilled Professionals & Fresh Graduates
Current Job Openings at COMACOE
Here’s a detailed overview of the open positions, qualifications, experience requirements, and the number of vacancies
Qualifications:- B.E or Diploma in Civil Engineering
Experience:- 5 to 10 years of relevant experience with mandatory expertise in Multibeam technology
No. of Openings:- 3
This role is ideal for professionals experienced in hydrographic surveying and specialized in Multibeam technology.
As a Senior Hydrographic Surveyor, you’ll contribute to high-impact offshore projects.
Sr. Field Geophysicist
Qualifications:- MSc. in Marine Geophysics, Geophysics, Applied Geology, or Marine Geology
Experience:- 5 to 10 years with expertise in Sub-bottom Profiler, Magnetometer, and Sidescan Sonar technologies
No. of Openings:- 3
Senior Field Geophysicists will play a pivotal role in data analysis and geophysical research for offshore explorations.
Field Geophysicist
Qualifications:- MSc. in Geophysics
Experience:- 2 to 5 years with hands-on knowledge of Sub-bottom Profiler, Magnetometer, and Sidescan Sonar technologies
No. of Openings:- 2
This position is perfect for mid-level professionals eager to apply their geophysical expertise in field projects.
Field System Engineer
Qualifications:- B.E or Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication
Experience:- 2 to 5 years of relevant field experience
No. of Openings:- 4
Field System Engineers will maintain and troubleshoot advanced electronic systems, ensuring seamless offshore operations.
Trainee Hydrographic Surveyor
Qualifications:- B.E or Diploma in Hydrography or Civil Engineering
Experience:- 0 to 6 months (freshers welcome!)
No. of Openings:- 3
If you’re a fresh graduate looking to kickstart your career, this role offers extensive training and practical exposure to hydrographic surveying.
Trainee Field Geophysicist
Qualifications:- MSc. in Marine Geophysics, Geophysics, Applied Geology, or Marine Geology
Experience:- 0 to 6 months
No. of Openings:- 3
This entry-level position is a great opportunity for freshers passionate about geophysics and offshore exploration.
Trainee Field System Engineer
Qualifications:- B.E or Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication
Experience:- 0 to 6 months
No. of Openings:- 3
As a Trainee Field System Engineer, you’ll gain hands-on experience working with advanced electronic systems in offshore environments.
How to Apply
Are you ready to seize this opportunity? Send your CV to sabiha.shaikh@comacoe.com and take the first step toward building an exciting career with COMACOE.
Key Reasons to Work Offshore
Working offshore is not just a career—it’s an adventure. Here are some reasons why you should consider joining COMACOE’s offshore projects:
Hi, I am Amit, I am A Civil Engineer and Have More Than 11 Years Of Experience in the Construction Field, I Have Worked With Companies Like L&T and Tata Projects, I Have Been Blogging Since December 2019, I Like Sharing My Knowledge and Experience With You Guys, I Research a Lot Before Posting and Article. I Hope My Articles are helpful to you all.
➤ The Performance Requirements of Hardened concrete or high-performance concrete are more or less well defined With respect to Shape, finish, strength, durability, shrinkage, and creep,
➤To achieve these objectives economically, the fresh concrete in addition to having a suitable composition in terms of quality and quantity of the materials should satisfy a number of requirements from the mixing stage till it is transported, placed in a framework and compacted,
Definition of high performance concrete➤
➤ High-performance concrete (HPC) can be defined as concrete that possesses high strength, work-ability, density, low permeability and resistance to chemical attack,
➤HPC is concrete that has been designed to be more durable and if necessary stronger than conventional concrete,
Introduction of high performance concrete➤
➤Deterioration, long-term poor performance, and inadequate resistance to hostile environments led to the accelerated research into the microstructure of concrete and hence the evaluation of high-performance concrete,
➤ Long-term performance of structures has become vital to the economics of a nation,
➤As a result, new materials and composites have been developed,
➤Today concrete structures with high compressive strength of 140 MPa are being built in United States and Europe,
Benefits for the designer➤
➤ The benefits of high-performance concrete to the designers are much more than those of high-strength concrete,
➤Designers can design smaller cross-sections,
➤Slender members,
➤High Elastic modulus,
➤Initial high early strength,
➤Rapid attainment of final creep level,
Benefits for the producer of high-performance concrete➤
➤In the Production of high-performance concrete Quality control in terms of raw materials and finished products is imperative,
➤Increased quality control leads to increased profitability and productivity of usual concrete,
How is high-performance concrete made?
Mechanism of high performance concrete➤
Under compressive loads, failure in normal concrete occurs either➯
➱Within the hydrated cement paste,
➱Along the interface between the cement paste and aggregate particle,
➱Aggregate,
To improve the strength and other properties it is necessary to strengthen these weak areas,
Improving the strength of hydrated cement paste can be done by➮
➤Reducing the water binder ratio and hence the usage of super plasticizing admixtures having high range water reduction capacity,
➤Using supplementary Cementitious materials,
Increasing the strength of the transition zone➮
➤Reducing water and cement ratio.
➤Using supplementary cementitious materials.
➤Ensuring proper coating of aggregates with cement paste.
➤Use of smaller-sized aggregates leads to homogeneous distribution of water.
Aggregate Failure➱
➤Due to Aggregates failure Cement paste material remains intact.
➤Failure plane propagates through the Coarse aggregate particles.
What are the two typical ingredients used in high performance concrete?
Cement Selection is critical to rheology and compressive strength.
➤Fineness of Cement
➮ From the Strength point of view, the finer the cement the better the concrete,
➮ From the Rheological point of view, The finer the cement the more reactive concrete,
Water➱
➱Chilled water is added to reduce the concrete temperature,
➱ice flakes are added as a part of mixing water,
Aggregate➱
Strength of aggregate depends on the nature of the parent rock Prepared from.
➱Avoid rocks with weak cleavage planes of severely weathered.
➱Fine aggregates should be rounded and uniformly graded.
Admixtures➱
Super plasticiser➮
➱Disperses Cement Particles within the mix.
➱Reduces the Amount of mixed water.
➱Controls the rheology of very low water/binder ratio mixtures.
➱solve slump loss problems.
Supplementary Cementitious materials➱
➱Ground Granulated blast-furnace slag.
➱Fly ash (low Calcium, high calcium).
➱Silica flume or micro silica.
➱ Natural pozzolana (meta kaolin, rice husk ash).
Aspects of High-performance concrete in fresh state➱
➱Batching and mixing.
➱Tests in fresh HPC concrete.
➱Placement and Compaction.
Batching and Mixing➱
➱Batching of individual materials must be accurate.
➱Longer mixing time is required to ensure homogeneity as the mix is usually sticky.
➱Mixing time of 90 seconds is recommended.
Tests on Fresh HPC Concrete➱
Following tests on fresh high-performance concrete is carried out.
➱Slump / Flow table
➱Air content
➱Temperature
➱Unit weight
➱Setting time of mix
➱Bleeding
➱Slump retention and Pump-ability
Placement and compaction of High performance concrete➱
➱Concrete mix is carried from the batching plant with the help of transit mixtures.
➱Method of placing is mostly by pumping.
➱Compaction is by both External as well as internal means.
Test on Hardened high performance concrete➱
The following tests are carried out on hardened high-performance concrete.
➱Compressive strength (Cube and Cylinder)
➱Split Tensile strength.
➱Modulus of elasticity.
➱Water permeability.
➱Rapid Chloride penetration test(RCPT)
Durability of HPC➱
➱Durability of Concrete can be defined as the resistance of concrete to deteriorating influences which may be inside the concrete itself or which may be present in the environment to which it is exposed. ➱ The durability of Concrete Largely depends on the ease with which fluids, both liquids and gases, can enter into and move through the concrete. This property is known as the permeability of concrete.
The durability of HPC: Carbonation➱ ͏͏͏
➱ In Presence of Moisture CO2 Present in Air reacts with Ca(OH)2 to form CaCO3. ➱ Carbonation causes the reduction in pH of pore water from between 12.6 to 13.5 to about 9. ➱ Steel embedded in concrete forms a thin passivity layer of oxide which remains only with high pH. ➱ As The pH reduces the oxide layer is removed and the corrosion of steel starts, its volume increases and creates tensile stresses in concrete.
Durability of HPC: Chloride attack➱
➱ The primary action in chloride attack is the corrosion of steel and consequently damage to surrounding concrete. ➱ As long as the oxide film on steel is present, The steel remains intact. ➱ Chloride ions destroy the film and in the presence of water and oxygen corrosion occurs. ➱ Corrosion does not occur in dry or fully submerged concrete but occurs in alternate wetting and drying and relative humidity of 70-80 %. ➱ Chlorides can be present in concrete through the use of contaminated aggregates, seawater or chlorides in admixture. ➱ According to I.S. total chloride content in cement should not exceed 0.05% by mass of cement. ➱ I.S. 456-2000 states that total Chloride content in concrete should not exceed .4 and .6 kg/cum for pre-stressed and reinforced/plain concrete containing embedded metal respectively.
Durability of HPC: Sulphate attack➱
➱ Common sulphates present in soil and groundwater are sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. ➱ Sulphates present in solution react with hydrated cement paste. ➱ Sodium sulphate attacks Ca(OH)2 and gypsum is deposited, Ca(OH)2 Can Also be completely leached out. ➱ Magnesium sulphate attacks calcium silicate, calcium aluminate hydrates and also Ca(OH)2.
➱ Ettringnite formed has a higher volume and causes expansion in concrete.
Durability of HPC: Alkali Aggregate Reactivity➱
➱ Reaction between active silica constituents of aggregates and alkali in cement forms alkali-silicate gels in planes of weakness or either in pores or surface of aggregates. ➱ The reaction starts with an attack on siliceous minerals in aggregates by alkaline hydroxide in pore water derived from the alkalies(Na2O or K2O) in cement. ➱This gel is of unlimited swelling type, absorbs water and causes an increase in volume.
Development Of HPC Mixes➱
➱ Computing the Target strength. ➱ Estimating mixing water content. ➱ Calculation of water to cementitious material ratio. ➱ Selection of percentage of SCM. ➱ Selection of fine to total aggregate ratio. ➱ Calculation of aggregate contents. ➱ Selection of Superplasticiser dosage. ➱ Trial mix and testing.
Development Of HPC Mixes with Fly Ash➱
Approx mixing water for 20 mm aggregate and 100 mm slump
Fly Ash Content
Water kg/Cum
30
155+5 or 155-5
40
150+5 or 150-5
50
145+5 or 145-5
➱ Selection of fine to total aggregate – Normally 25-40 % is used depending upon the grade of concrete, nominal size of aggregate and workability required. ➱ Calculate aggregate content based on the absolute volume method.
Where is high performance concrete used? What is high performance concrete used for?
All Necessary Factors➱
Specifications for Bandra – Warli Sea Link Project➱
➱ Selection of water/binder ratio sufficient enough to achieve the target strength with special consideration from a durability point of view. ➱ Use of Supplementary Cementitious material together with a low water to binder ratio to make concrete structure more dense with a minimum volume of capillary pores, hence making it more durable. ➱ Water content in the mix is required to be kept at the lowest practical so as to minimize drying Shrinkage. ➱ Limiting the heat generation (especially in mass concrete) by keeping the total OPC content in the mix to the minimum required. ➱ Use of high-range water reduction admixtures to achieve the required workability.
Bandra-Warli Sea link under construction
bandra-Warli Sea link
Project Specification➯
Grade of Concrete- M60 Target Strength – 74 MPa Max.Water / Binder ratio – < .35 Permeability – Less than 25 mm as per DIN 1048
Soil Nailing, Soil Nailing Technique, Types of Soil Nailing
Soil Nailing
SOIL NAILING AND SOIL NAILING TECHNIQUE
INTRODUCTION OF SOIL NAILING➱
Soil Nailing Is a process To Make The soil or Soil fill More Able to resist loads (direct loads, Shear Loads Radial loads etc) Or to Make it more stable,Soil nailing Reinforces soil hence the soil becomes more stable,
Generally Soil Nailing Technique is used in steep sloppy areas, high fill areas, High embankment, retaining walls And other Structures where There is more chance of failure of soil,
Here in In this post we are going to describe about soil nailing process, soil nailing technique, types of soil nailing and its applications,
How does a soil nail wall work?
SOIL NAILING PROCESS- TECHNIQUE➱
What is soil nailing technique?
In the Process or Technique of Soil Nailing The Soil Is Reinforced With An Element Such As Self Drilling Anchor bars or Reinforcing Bars Which Are called Nails See in the fig.
These Self Drilling Anchor bars or Reinforcing Bars are installed into Self Drilled holes or pre-drilled holes and after it grouted with contentious mix,
These Self Drilling Anchors or Reinforcing bars are installed at an angle of 5 to 20 degrees with vertical generally or any other angle which is specified,
As The Drilling Work Proceeds,The concrete, Shotcrete or any other Drilling materials are used on The drilled face to grout the nails,
Soil nailing Details
MACHINERY REQUIRED FOR SOIL NAILING➱
➤Grouting and mixing Equipments,
➮ High-speed shear Colloidal mixer, Grout pump,
➤Drilling Equipment,
➮Rotary Air Flushed and water Flushed drilling machine, tricone bit , Rigid Drill Rods,
➤Compressor,
➤Shotcreting Or Guniting Equipment,
MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR SOIL NAILING➱
➤Reinforcing Steel Rods Or Nails,
➤Self drilling anchor(SDA) bars,
Self Drilling Anchor
➤Shotcrete, Concrete or Any other grouting material,
➤Grout mix,
ORIGIN OF SOIL NAILING TECHNIQUE➱
➤The soil nailing technique was first time implemented in France near Versailles for a Railroad widening Project in 1972,
Soil nailing
➤The soil nailing Technique in United States was used first time for the support of a 13.7-metre deep foundation excavation in dense silty sand in 1976,
TYPES OF SOIL NAILING -METHODS➱
How do you install soil nails?
Following Are the Various Types of Soil Nailing Methods or process,
Inserting nails and fixing plates soil nailing
Using Shotcrete and grouting
1-Grouted Soil Nailing or Drilled Soil Nailing
➤In This type of Soil Nailing and drilling is done on the Wall or the Slope Face Where nailing is Required,
➤Then The nails are inserted in the Drilled Holes,
➤After it the Drilled hole is Filled with Cement Slurry, Shotcrete or any other Grouting Material,
➤The The diameter Of Nails Are Taken From 100 mm to 200 mm And the Spacing between each nails Are Taken 1.5 meters,
Grouted soil nailing
2- Driven Soil Nailing
➤This Type Of Soil Nailing Is used for temporary Stabilization of Slopes,
➤This Soil Nailing Is Faster Than Other nailing methods,
➤In In this Soil Nailing Method, The Reinforcement bars are inserted in the face of slope While the Excavation Activity is Going On,
➤The The diameter of Reinforcing bars is normally 19 mm to 25 mm, Which is Smaller in size as Compared to Others,
➤The Spacing between Nails is Provided 1 meter to 1.2 meter,
➤In The Driven Soil Nailing There is no Protection of Nails from Corrosion And Rusting,
Driven soil nailing
3- Self Drilling Soil Nailing
➤Self Drilling Anchors (SDA) Bars or Hollow bars are used in self-drilling soil nailing,
➤Bars are inserted and Drilled into the surface, and at the same time Grout is injected While the Drilling Process is going on,
➤In Self Drilling Soil nailing The Self Drilling Anchors Or hollow Reinforcing Bars Are More Protected From Corrosion and rusting as compared to Driven soil nailing method,
➤This is Faster Than Driven Soil Nailing,
Self drilling soil nailing
4-Jet Grouted Soil Nailing
➤In This Soil nailing method,The water jets Are used for eroding The Soil To make holes in the surface,
➤After it the Reinforcing Steel Bars Are inserted and fitted in the ready holes and grouting is done with shotcrete, Concrete or Other Grouting materials,
➤In Jet Grouted Soil Nailing The Reinforcing Steel bars are protected From corrosion and rusting,
Jet grouted soil nailing
5- Launched Soil Nailing
➤In launched soil nailing, The Reinforcing steel bars are inserted Forcefully into surface in a single shot with the help of of highly compressed air mechanism,
➤In This Method The Installation process of nails is fast, But it is difficult to control over length of bars penetrating the surface,
➤The length of Reinforcing nails is around 6 meter and the diameter is 38 mm,
Launched soil nailing
APPLICATIONS OF SOIL NAILING➱
➤Soil nailing is used for the stabilization of Existing Retaining walls,
➤In Excavating retaining structures in urban areas for high-rise buildings and underground utilities,
➤In Eradicating and Redemption of Landslide,
➤Stabilizing the Roadways, Highways, and expressways embankments and steep slopes,
➤Retrofitting and construction of abutments of bridges,
➤Steep cutting stabilization,
➤Stabilization of over steep existing embankments,
➤Providing long-term stability to existing concrete structures without demolition and rebuilding costs,
➤Temporary excavation shoring,
➤Stabilization of Railroad cut slopes,
➤For Strengthening The Tunnel portals in steep and unstable slopes,
➤For Stabilization of Slopes in hilly areas where roads are constructed, where movement of vehicles, people or animals is more,
Soil nailing
ASSUMPTIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS IN INSTALLATION OF SOIL NAILS➱
➤Soil Nailing Should be started within some limit of time after excavation, any delay may lead to the collapse of soil slope,
➤Reinforcing bars or soil nails must penetrate beyond the slip plane into the passive zone for 4 meters to 5 meters,
➤Metallic reinforcement soil nails get corroded,
➤The The area occupied by Reinforcing soil nails is sterilized and the site posed constraints to the development in future,
Soil nailing Anchor plates
What is a soil nail wall?
ADVANTAGES OF SOIL NAILING➱
What are the advantages of soil nailing?
➤With the help of soil nailing the erosion of soil of high fill, high embankment or steep slope can be avoided,
➤After soil nailing The age, durability and stability increase,
➤Soil nailing is suitable for confined locations with difficult access As the The equipment required for soil nailing is small and mobile to use,
➤The failure of the soil nailing system is ductile that’s why it provides warning signs before failure,
You must read About Asphalt Concrete And Bituminous Concrete Click Here Click here for Engineering jobs and other updates
➤Basically Asphalt Concrete is Just Aggregate Coated With Asphalt Cement.. and Then Compacted.
There Are Three Basic Elements To The Compacted Mix.
➱1-Aggregate Particles,
➱2-Asphalt Cement,
➱3-Air Voids,
What is meant by bituminous concrete? What is the difference between bituminous concrete and asphalt? What is BM and BC?
INTRODUCTION ➤
➤Asphalt is a Mixture of Bitumen of Tar with aggregate,
➤Bitumen Is an Extract of Petroleum Crude,
➤Crude Oil is formed by the decomposition of dead marine microorganisms in the absence of air or oxygen,
➤Bitumen is waste collected during the distillation of petroleum crude,
ACTIVITIES IN ASPHALT CONCRETE WORK ➤
➤Dense Bituminous Macadam( DBM) Or Bituminous Macadam(BM),
➤Bituminous Concrete(BC) OR Semi Dense Bituminous Concrete(SDBC),
➤Prime Coat – SS 1
➤Tack Coat -RS 1
What is DBM and BC?
What is DBM and BC in road construction? What is BC layer in road construction?
MATERIALS IN ASPHALT CONCRETE ➤
➤Aggregate,
➤Bitumen,
➤Mineral filler (Lime/Cement/Rock Dust),
➤ Anti-striping Agent,
Asphalt Concrete Materials
MATERIALS PROPERTIES(AS PER BELOW TABLES)
PAVING OPERATION in ASPHALT CONCRETE ➤
CHECKS BEFORE PAVING(PRE-PAVING ACTIVITY)➱
➤Check The Trucks Are Adequate,
➤Check The Production capacity and Paving Capacity is Matching,
➤Check The Rollers Are Adequate,
➤Check The string line, Thermometer, and other tools are ready,
➤Check the screed Of the Paver is Heated As much as Required, (Maximum up to mix Temperature),
➤Check The screed is Blocked to the required loose thickness,
➤Check The Cold Joints are cleaned and applied with a tack coat,
➤Check The Cleaning Should Be done Properly Before Applying tack coat, The Surface Should be Free From loose particles, Dust, Or any other Deleterious Material, ➤Paver Level Sensor To be Set For Required Level Given Of String Wire Or Average Beams,
CHECKS DURING PAVING ➱
➤Tack Coat Should be Applied Uniformly With the rate of Spray of 2.5 to 3 kg per 10 Square meter area, ➤Total Area Should Be covered With Tack Coat, ➤Start The Unloading Of the Truck into the paver, After checking The Temperature Of Mix, ➤Loose Thickness Should Be Checked With a Thickness Gauge Regularly in some Interval of Time, and Length, ➤Check The Camber with line rope, taper. ➤If any Segregated area is Found spread the fines with shovels prior to rolling, ➤Check for Rolling Should Be done As per the Rolling pattern,
SURFACE FINISH ➤
➤The tolerance in level should be in between +/- 6mm, ➤The Core Density should be 92 % of Lab GMM. ➤Road Unevenness index shall be less than 2000 mm per kilometre for road works, ➤The Mix Binder Content shall be +/- .3% of Designed OBC, ➤Surface Regularity DBM, BC shall be +/- 6 mm , +/- 3 mm,
TRANSVERSE JOINT MATCHING➤
➤The Joint Should be rolled parallel to the joint,
➤These joints are to be Rolled without vibrations,
LONGITUDINAL JOINTS MATCHING➤
➤Compact The joint during breakdown Rolling,
➤If two pavers are Working in echelon ,then the roller in the second lane shall roll the joint,
PLANT OPERATIONS For ASPHALT CONCRETE➤
CHECKS DURING PRODUCTION➤
➤Feed The aggregate to the plant to get the design mix, ➤Maintain The Bitumen Temperature at 150 degrees Celsius, ➤Maintain the aggregate Temperature at 160 to 170 degree Celsius, ➤Ensure The Mix temperature should be Between 140 to 150 degree Celsius, ➤Clean the Vehicles Neatly, ➤Load The mix onto Trucks and Cover it with Tarpaulins and Haul to site, ➤ Check The temperature at plant, and site and record it,
ROLLING PATTERN➤
➱The Rolling process should start 12 to 15 inches from the lower unsupported edge as the un-compacted edge provides the initial confinement during the first pass, thus minimizing lateral movement of the mix. ⇩ ➱Succeeding pass should move to the edge once the central portion of the spread is compacted to some degree because the mix will support the roller and allow the edge to be compacted without lateral movement,
REQUIRED MACHINES For ASPHALT CONCRETE➤
Some important machines are required for the Laying of Asphalt concrete, Bituminous Concrete Layer ,
1➮Paver machine
Paver machine
2➮Tendem Rollers
Tandem Roller
3➮Pneumatic Tyre Rollers
PNEUMATIC TYRE ROLLER➤
What is a pneumatic tyre roller?
➤The Pneumatic tyre roller(PTR) is tire mounted roller with having smooth tyre surface, ➤It’s Weight can be adjusted according to the requirement(Generally 16 to 18 mt for bituminous layers rolling is used), ➤It is used for Compaction and kneading action, ➤Longitudinal movement of the mix doesn’t take place unless the dia. is very low, ➤Horizontal forces are minimized with the use of larger diameters. ➤The movement of the mix under the tyre tends to be lateral, ➤The humps created during breakdown are of no significance and can be cleared in subsequent passes, ➤Under normal conditions, when the roller is on top of a firm mat it has no horizontal thrust as the tire flattens on the bottom which permits a 100 % vertical force,
PTR
CONDITIONS FOR PNEUMATIC TYRE ROLLERS TO BE EFFECTIVE➤
➤The most effective pressure is the highest pressure that can be used without overstressing the mix,
➤Pressure for normal Highway work when the tyre is hot is 90 psi and 70-75 psi when the tyres are cold,
➤Nine A wheel roller is used commonly,
➤Weight per wheel should not exceed 2000 to 3000 pounds,
➤Rim diameter for tyre -20 inches,
➤Tire width – 9 or 11 inches,
➤While compacting water should not be used on the tyres,
SUMMARY TABLE OF INFLUENCES OF COMPACTION➤
ITEMS
EFFECTS
CORRECTIONS
AGGREGATE
➮Smooth Surfaced
➮Rough Surfaced ➮Unsound
➮Absorptive
➮Low inter-particle friction
➮High inter-particle friction ➮Breaks under steel-wheeled rollers ➮Dries-Mix difficult to compact
➮Use light rollers, Low mix Temperature, ➮Use Heavy Rollers ➮Use Sound Aggregates, Use pneumatic rollers, ➮Increase asphalt in mix
ASPHALT
Viscosity
➮High
➮Low
➮Particles Movement Restricted ➮Particles moves easily during compaction
➮Use heavy rollers, Increase temperature, ➮Use light rollers
QUALITY
➮High
➮Low
➮Unstable and plastic under roller ➮Reduce Lubrication – difficult compaction
➮Decrease asphalt in mix
➮Increase asphalt in mix,Use heavy rollers
MIX
➮Excess Coarse aggregate
➮Over-sanded
➮Too much filler
➮Too light filler
➮Harsh mix – difficult to compact ➮Too workable – difficult to compact ➮Stiffens Mix-difficult to compact ➮Low cohesion – mix may come apart
➮Reduce coarse aggregate,Use heavy rollers ➮Reduce sand in mix,Use light rollers, ➮Reduce filler in mix,Use heavy rollers ➮Increase filler in mix
MIX TEMPERATURE
➮High
➮Low
➮Difficult to compact-mix lacks cohesion ➮Difficult to compact-mix to stiff
➮Decrease mixing temperature ➮Increase mixing temperature
COURSE THICKNESS
➮Thick lifts
➮Thin lifts
➮Hold heat – more time to compact ➮Lose heat – Less time to compact
➮Roll normally
➮Roll before mix cools, Increase mix temperature
WEATHER CONDITIONS
➮Low air temperature ➮Low surface temperature ➮Wind
It Acts as a Drainage layer for The pavements to avoid excessive wetting and weakening of the subgrade.
In Strength, it is superior as compared to the subgrade, various materials and techniques are used for the construction of the base course.
It is an intermediate layer between the subgrade and granular base course.
What is a granular sub-base?
What is a granular sub-base in road construction?
If The Thickness of the base layer provided in the design permits,
➤The sub-base layer shall have two sub-layers.⇩
➤Drainage layer and the filter layer.
➤The upper layer of the sub-base functions as a drainage layer to drain away the that enters through surface cracks.
➤The lower layer of the base should function as a filter/separation layer to prevent intrusion of sub grade soil into the pavements.
permeability testing of GSB
If the thickness of the granular sub-base layer is less than or equal to 200 mm.
➤Both drainage and filter layers can not be provided separately ( considering the minimum thickness requirements as per 7.2.2).
➤ For such cases, a single drainage-cum-filter layer with GSB gradation Ⅴ or Ⅵ of MoRTH specification may be provided.
MATERIALS REQUIREMENTS For GRANULAR SUB BASE:⇨
➤Natural sand,
➤Crushed gravel,
➤Crushed stone,
➤Crushed slag,
➤Brick metal,kankar and crushed concrete is permitted in the lower sub-base,
➤Shall be free from organic or other deleterious constituents,
➤Shall satisfy the grading requirements as is explained below,
➤shall satisfy the physical requirements as it is explained below,
materials required for GSB
grading requirements
physical requirements
Is code for a granular sub-base?
What is the Type 1 granular sub-base?
What is the granular subbase used for
What is a granular base course
What is the size of GSB
GRANULAR SUB BASE CONSTRUCTION OPERATION
TOE LINE FIXING for GRANULAR SUB BASE:➩
➤The Toe line/fixing of pegs to mark the limits of the Granular sub-base shall be done before the commencement of work.
➤The width of pavements for the toe line shall be calculated by referring to the drawing with due consideration to formation width plus the offsets and slopes of different layers’ depth the current layer from the formation road level( FRL).
grading and rolling of GSB
HAULING AND DUMPING of GRANULAR SUB BASE Material:➯
➤The Required Quantity of GSB shall be Calculated and informed to the GSB Dumping Supervisor or Staff at the site,
➤Dumping Patterns Such as to ensure uniform Spread shall be determined and explained to the dumping supervisor or staff,
➤The materials for GSB shall be hauled to by tippers and dumped on the bed in a predetermined pattern,
GSB Material Quantity Calculation
How is base course aggregate calculated
What is base course material
What is GSB material
GRANULAR SUB BASE CONSTRUCTION OPERATION
SPREADING AND GRADING of GRANULAR SUB BASE:➯
➤The materials shall be up to the required thickness,
➤Control pegs at every 10 meters along the centre line shall be fixed on both sides of the bed in such a manner That they are not disturbed by the movements of the grader,
➤Required level shall be marked on the pegs with suitable vertical offsets,
➤After rough initial spreading, a cotton/nylon string line(line dori) shall be held at the marks on the control pegs on both sides,
➤ The height of the String line from the bed top is measured at fixed horizontal offsets from the centre line,
➤The grader operator shall be directed according to the measurement in the above step to cut and fill material at every point,
➤Each grader run shall overlap by at least 1/3rd of the bled length,
➤Most important if any suggestion is observed, instruct the operator to correct the same while grading,
WATERING:➱
➤The moisture content shall be checked for OMC and if it is less than required water may be added by sprinkling and if it is more than required, shall be allowed to dry by exposure to the sun,
➤The moisture content shall be adjusted with allowance for evaporation losses in a manner to achieve 1 % above to 2 % below OMC During compaction,
COMPACTING:➱
➤Before the commencement of compaction and while spreading the GSB all the oversize materials available more than 2/3rd the thickness of the layer shall be removed manually,
➤The compaction shall be done mechanically using vibratory rollers of 80 to 100 KN static weight for the entire width of the pavement,
➤The rolling shall commence from the lower edge and proceed towards the upper edge, each pass of the roller shall overlap 1/3rd of the proceeding pass,
➤During the compaction, any low spots shall be filled with the material of the same properties and high spots shall be excavated and removed manually,
➤ The number of passes shall be decided beforehand by conducting trial,
➤Each layer shall be tested by sand replacement method,
RECTIFICATION of GRANULAR SUB BASE:➱
➤If The surface is higher than the required level the defective area shall be trimmed off and compacted,
➤If the surface is lower than the required level the defective area shall be sacrificed, fresh material shall be placed and compacted,
BUMPING in GRANULAR SUB BASE:➱
➤If The surface is exhibiting bumping then the material in the defective area shall be removed to full depth and fresh material will be placed and compacted,
SEGREGATION in GRANULAR SUB BASE:➱
➤If segregation is observed then the material from the defective area shall be removed to full depth and either made good and replaced or replaced by fresh material,
GSB Construction
QUALITY CONTROL TEST AND THEIR FREQUENCY
➤Gradation at a frequency of 1 test for every 200 cum,
➤Moisture content test as per IS 2720 Part-2 at a frequency of 1 test for every 250 cum at the time of spreading and rolling,
➤MDD and OMC As per IS 2720 Part-8 at a frequency of 2 test per 3000 cum,
➤Laboratory determination of CBR as per IS 2720 Part-16 as required,
➤Atterberg’s limits at a frequency of 1 test per 200 cum,
➤Field Density test as per IS 2720 Part-28 at a frequency a set of test for every 1000 sqm to a minimum of 6 tests up to 3000 sqm, if nuclear density meter is used the frequency shall be doubled,
PROBLEMS AND REMEDIES IN GRANULAR SUB BASE CONSTRUCTION
PROBLEMS
REMEDIES
➤ GSB bed compaction less than required
➤Variation in surface level
➤Over burden materials mixed during preparation of GSB material,
➤Approved GSB bed
➤GSB Material Dumped Over moist or Wet Surface
➤Required Compaction should not be less than 98 %, poor Compaction may lead to settlement ➤surface level tolerance limits:➯ for Sub grade:- +/- 20 mm, for GSB :- +/- 10 mm, The Surface level shall be maintained within the tolerance limits else may impact of required thickness of next layer, Rework may occur due to unacceptable tolerance, ➤Gradation:➯ specified gradation as per approved design Liquid limit and Plasticity Index:➯ Max 25 And max. 6, In such case, specified gradation and plasticity index limit shall be ensured before loading the GSB materials or at least before spreading. Chances of Impact on the drainage properties, ➤At actual completely disturbed bed due to the following reasons, ➯Poorly Graded ⟶ Leads To Segregation, ➯Poor Workmanship⟶after final grading it would have rectified, ➯Poor Quality Control⟶before testing it would have suggested to concerned site Engineer to rectify the bed which leads poor compaction and segregation, 100 % Rework Required ➤Moisture Content ⟶OMC +1% and OMC -2% ➱The bed Should Have moisture Content as per requirement before proceeding for the next layer, ➱Rework may occur due to improper supervision ➱settlement of successive layer
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The test Of Cement – Consistency Test Is Done To Find Out The Consistency Of Cement Which Permits The Vicat apparatus Plunger To Penetrate to a point 5 to 7 mm from the bottom of the Vicat mould when tested. The procedure to determine the quantity of water required to produce a cement paste of standard consistency is Explained In the Following Steps.
Reference Code For Determination Of Consistency Of Cement
Determination Of Consistency Of Cement Is Done According To IS Code 4031 (Part 4).
Required Apparatus For Determination Of Consistency Test
1- Vicat Apparatus With Mould
The vicat apparatus consists of a frame having a movable rod with a cap at one end and at the other end any one of the following attachment, which are interchangeable.
Test Of Cement – Consistency Test apparatus
2- Needles
There Two Types Of Needle Are Required For First For Initial Setting Time And Second For Final Setting Time,
For Initial Setting Time- The needle is having a cross sectional area of 1mm2. The end of the needle is flat.
For Final Setting Time- The needle is circular having a cross sectional area of 1mm2. The needle is fitted with a metal attachment. The end of the needle projects beyond the cutting edge of the hollowed out metal attachment.
3- Balance
Electric Or Any Other Balance Is Required With Highly Precision To Measure The Weight Of Cement,
Electric Balance
4- Plunger for Standard Consistency Test
It is made of polished brass 10 ± 0.05mm in diameter with a projection at the upper end for insertion into the movable rod. The lower end is flat.
5- Graduated Scale
Graduated scale is 40mm in length and the smallest division of scale is 1mm.
6- Vicat Mould
The vicat mould is in the foam of a frustum of a cone having an internal diameter of 60+/- 0.5 mm at the top, 70 +/- 0.5 mm at the bottom and height 40 +/_ 0.5 mm.
The split type vicat mould is used as an alternative to single mould. This mould consist of a split ring having an internal diameter 80+/- 0.1mm and a height 40+/_0.5mm. A non-porous base plate is provided. The split mould is provided with a suitable clamping ring.
7- Standard Weights
8- Gauging Trowel
9- Non Porous plate
Detailed Standard Operating Procedure (Test Of Cement – Consistency Test)
> Take 500 gms Of Cement.> Add 24 % Water Into Cement.> The Paste Must Be Prepared In A Standard Manner And Filled Into Vicat Mould Within 3 To 5 Minutes.> After Filling The mould Shake The Mould To Expel Air.
> A standard Plunger is Brought Down To Touch The Surface of the Paste In The test Block And Quickly Released Allowing it To Sink Into Paste By It’s Own Weight.
> Take The Reading And Note Down It.
> Conduct The Second Trial With % Of Water At 25 And Take The Reading
> Conduct Similar Trials With Higher W/C Ratio Till Plunger Penetrates For A Depth Of 33 to 35 mm From The Top.
> The Percentage Of Water At Which Penetration 33 to 35 mm From To Top Or 5 to 7 mm From Bottom Is A standard Consistency.
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Adani Thermal Power Plants Vacancies For Multiple Positions
What do the power generation companies look for in employees? Download Adani Group O&M Adani Thermal Power Plant Jobs from here. If you have a zeal to make an impact and would like to contribute to the Energy sector, this is your opportunity to join one of India’s largest conglomerates.
Adani Thermal Power Plants Job Openings
Adani employs professionals across various functions, qualifications, and experience levels. Browse the availabilities below for the best fit for your skillset.
Fire & Safety
Qualification:- B.E./B.Tech in Fire & Safety + ADIS/PGDIS
Diploma holders with ADIS + PGDIS are also eligible.
Hi, I am Amit, I am A Civil Engineer and Have More Than 11 Years Of Experience in the Construction Field, I Have Worked With Companies Like L&T and Tata Projects, I Have Been Blogging Since December 2019, I Like Sharing My Knowledge and Experience With You Guys, I Research a Lot Before Posting and Article. I Hope My Articles are helpful to you all.
➤Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) Consist Of Laying And Compacting Clean, Crushed Graded Aggregate Granular Material, Premixed With Water To a dense mass on Prepared Sub Grade/Subbase/Base,
What is wet mix macadam? What is full form of WMM?
FUNCTIONS OF WET MIX MACADAM (WMM)
➤It Acts As A Binding Layer Between the Granular Sub Base ( GSB) And The Bituminous Layer, Provides Structural Support to The Pavement And Helps Dispersing Traffic Loads To The Layers Below,
➤It Is An Improvement Over the Conventional Water Bound Macadam (WBM) Layer Because It Has A Superior Gradation Of Aggregates, a Faster Rate Of Construction, Less Consumption Of Water, High Standard Of Densification And Higher Standard of Quality Achievable,
What is difference between WMM and WBM? Why WMM is used?
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR WET MIX MACADAM (WMM)
➤Crushed Stone,
➤If Crushed Gravel/Shingle Is Used Not Less Than 90 % of Its Weight Retained on 4.75 mm Sieve Shall Have At Least Two Fractured Faces,
➤Binders Such As Lime Stone Dust, Kankar Dust,
➤Screeners Such As Moorum, Crushed Over Burnt Bricks etc,
➤Shall Satisfy the grading Requirements as will be explained Shortly Please Continue to Read,
➤Shall Satisfy the physical Requirements as will be taken up Shortly Please Continue to Read,
GRADING REQUIREMENTS OF MATERIALS( in image below)
wet mix macadam aggregates
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS OF MATERIALS( in image below)
WET MIX MACADAM MATERIALS PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS
MACHINERY REQUIREMENTS FOR WMM CONSTRUCTION
Following Machines are Required For Wet Mix Macadam Construction
Machines for WMM Construction
CONSTRUCTION OPERATION AT WET MIX MACADAM PLANT
MIXING OF WMM-
➤The Coarse Aggregates, Fine Aggregates And Water Shall be Mixed In The Mixing Plant, Which Shall Have a mill of Suitable Capacity For Mixing,
➤The Plant Shall Have Different bin feeders for Different fractions Of Aggregates, Required to Arrive at the Required Gradation,
➤ A controlled water addition Mechanism shall be present to give a continuous flow of mixed material that suits pavement requirements at the site,
➤The individual fraction shall be loaded to the bins of the mixing plant by front-end wheel loader tippers from the stockyard,
➤Care shall be taken at the stockyard and at the bin feeders to ensure that the aggregate should not be contaminated or mixed with other fractions,
➤The aggregate for the bottom 100 mm thick of the stockpile shall not be fed in the plant bin,
WMM PLANT
What is wet mix plant?
How is Wmm prepared?
What is WBM?
What is water bound macadam?
CONSTRUCTION OPERATION OF WMM WITH GRADER
➤The Toe line/fixing of pegs to mark the limits of the WMM level shall be done before the commencement of work,
➤The Width of Pavements for the Toe line shall be calculated by referring drawing with due consideration to formation width plus the offsets and slopes of different layers’ depth of the current layer from the formation road level (FRL),
What is the WMM layer?
HAULING AND DUMPING-
➤The Required Quantity Of Wet Mix Macadam(WMM) Shall Be Calculated and Informed To WMM Plant Engineer Of Staff Whoever is taking care of Production,
➤Dumping Pattern Such as to ensure uniform spread, shall be determined and explained to the person who is taking care of dumping at the site,
➤The Material for WMM shall be hauled to the site by tippers and dumped on the bed in a predetermined pattern,
SPREADING AND GRADING-
➤The Materials shall be mechanically (grader etc.) spread in uniform layers such that compacted thickness not exceeding 200 mm or any other specified with due considerations to the loose thickness (Compaction Factor) of WMM,
➤Control pegs at every 10 m long C/L shall be fixed on both sides of the bed in such a manner that they are not disturbed by grader movement,
➤Required Levels shall be marked on the pegs with suitable vertical offsets,
➤After rough initial spreading, a cotton/nylon string (line door) shall be held at marks on the control pegs at both sides,
WMM level fixing
WMM Spreading And leveling with grader
CONSTRUCTION OPERATION OF WET MIX MACADAM WITH PAVER
WMM Laying with Paver
SPREADING/LAYING WITH PAVER –
➤Immediately after mixing WMM shall be transported to the laying site by tippers and shall be spread uniformly and evenly upon the prepared first layer of WMM or GSB layer with the help of a paver finisher,
➤However at the time of spreading the surface shall be checked for grade, camber and thickness with templates and high or low spots are to be rectified by removing or adding fresh material of the same properties,
JOINT PREPARATION-
➤The work shall be planned in a manner to reduce the number of joints to the minimum. A full-width paver shall be used, if possible, to avoid longitudinal joints,
LONGITUDINAL JOINT-
➤Rolling Shall be done on a strip of approximately 150 mm to 200 mm width from the edge on which the joint is expected to come,
➤This strip shall be rolled along with the edge of the next paver pass,
➤Rolling shall be done in such a manner that the roller drum moves on both the previous and the new surface,
➤The evenness of the joint shall be checked by a straight edge and rectification, if any shall be done immediately,
TRANSVERSE JOINT-
➤A straight edge shall be kept over the transverse edge of the previous work in such a manner that half of the straight edge is on the old surface and another half hangs towards the side where new work has to be carried out,
➤Marks shall be given on the points from where the surface level has started coming down,
➤The old surface shall be cut from the points marked above and removed. the cut material can be reused,
➤After the paver has passed over the joint the new surface near the joint shall be trimmed and shaped slightly as required,
➤Roller shall transversely run over the joint in such a manner that the roller drum moves on both the previous and new surface,
➤ The evenness of the joint shall be checked by a straight edge and rectification, if any shall be done immediately,
transverse joint WMM Laying With Paver
QUALITY CONTROL TESTS AND THEIR FREQUENCY
➤Gradation at a frequency of test for every 100 cum,
➤Atterberg berg limits at a frequency of test for every 100 cum,
➤MDD and OMC As per IS 2720 Part-8 at 1 test for Source,
➤Combined Flakiness and Elongation index 1 test for every 200 cum,
➤Aggregate impact value At a frequency of 1 test for every 200 cum,
➤Water absorption at a frequency of 1 test for source,
➤Density of Compacted layer at 1 test(6 pits)/500 sqm and 1 pit for an additional 50 sqm or less,
➤ Top-level checking for given stretch,
PROBLEMS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WMM LAYER AND REMEDIES TAKEN
PROBLEMS
REMEDIES
➤Availability of WMM plant in good Condition, ➤Mix gradation
➤Thickness and levels of the layers
➤Compaction and Workmanship
➤Confinement
➤Segregation of the mix
➤Plant should be in good condition, with regular maintenance, ➤Ensure gradation of mix before dispatching the mix, ➤Ensure The proper level of GSB before laying of WMM, ➤Ensure 98% Compaction and Good Workmanship, ➤Ensure Laying of Adjoining shoulders along With WMM, ➤Inform the Immediately if mix is not proper and rectify the segregation at the site,
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Apprenticeship Opportunities at (Steel Authority of India Limited) Salem Steel Plant (SSP) – 2024-25
The Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), Salem Steel Plant (SSP), is excited to announce apprenticeship opportunities for the years 2024-25.
This is an excellent chance for Diploma, BE/B. Tech, and Graduate candidates to gain hands-on experience in their respective fields. The details of the qualifications, disciplines, and interview schedules are outlined below.
Table of Contents
Available Disciplines and Qualifications
Diploma
Disciplines:- Diploma in Mechanical Engineering (Dip. Mech) and Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (Dip. EEE).
BE/B.Tech
Disciplines:- BE in Mechanical Engineering (BE Mech.), BE in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (BE EEE), and BE in Civil Engineering (BE Civil).
Graduate
Disciplines:- Bachelor of Computer Applications (BCA) and Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA).
Interview Schedule at The Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
Qualification
Discipline
Interview Date & Time
Venue
Diploma
Dip. Mech. and Dip. EEE
08/01/2025, 09:30 AM
HR-L&D, HRDC Building, Salem Steel Plant, Salem-636013.
BE/B.Tech
BE (Mech.), BE (EEE), BE (Civil)
08/01/2025, 11:30 AM
HR-L&D, HRDC Building, Salem Steel Plant, Salem-636013.
Graduate
BCA & BBA
08/01/2025, 02:30 PM
HR-L&D, HRDC Building, Salem Steel Plant, Salem-636013.
Documents to Bring While attending Interview
Candidates must bring the following original documents along with one set of photocopies
10th/SSLC and 12th/HSC Mark Sheets.
Transfer Certificate and all mark sheets.
Diploma or Degree Certificate.
Aadhaar Card.
Diploma or Degree Mark Sheets.
Community Certificate (if applicable).
NATS 2.0 Registration and Profile Print-out.
Contact Information at The Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
For further details, candidates can contact the Learning and Development (L&D) department of Salem Steel Plant during office hours:
Phone Numbers: 0427-238 2087 / 2216 / 2276
Don’t miss this opportunity to start your career with one of the leading organizations in the steel industry. Prepare your documents and attend the interview to secure your apprenticeship!
Career Opportunity at Shapoorji Pallonji Construction Company
Hi, I am Amit, I am A Civil Engineer and Have More Than 11 Years Of Experience in the Construction Field, I Have Worked With Companies Like L&T and Tata Projects, I Have Been Blogging Since December 2019, I Like Sharing My Knowledge and Experience With You Guys, I Research a Lot Before Posting and Article. I Hope My Articles are helpful to you all.
Job Notification:- Recruitment of Civil Engineers at The Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited (FACT)
The Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited (FACT), a premier multi-divisional Central Public Sector Enterprise (PSU), has announced a recruitment notification for the position of Engineer (Civil) on a temporary contract basis.
The recruitment is for the Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited (FACT) Engineering and Design Organisation (FEDO) at NIT Nagaland. Below are the details regarding eligibility, application process, and other terms and conditions for interested candidates.
Table of Contents
Position Details at The Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited (FACT)
Post Name:- Engineer (Civil)
Required Qualification
Degree in Civil Engineering.
Minimum 1 year post-qualification experience in construction projects.
General Terms and Conditions
A- Maximum Age Limit
Age Limit:- Maximum of 35 years as of the relevant date.
Eligibility Birth Dates:- Candidates born between 01.12.1989 and 30.11.2006.
Age Relaxation:- Permissible for reserved category candidates as per government guidelines.
Proof of Age:- Only the Std X Certificate showing the date of birth will be considered valid.
B- Remuneration
Consolidated Pay:- Rs. 31,930/- per month.
Maximum Consolidated Pay:- Rs. 37,000/- per month.
C- Application Process
The application process involves two steps
Step 1:- Online Submission
Submit the Online Form and upload the prescribed application form along with all required documents.
Deadline: 4:00 PM on 14.01.2025.
Step 2:- Postal Submission
After submitting the online form, send the original application form along with all relevant certificates/documents via Speed Post/Registered Post.
The last date for receipt of documents by post: is 22.01.2025.
Important Guidelines
The envelope containing the application should be superscribed with “Application for the post of Engineer (Civil) – Ad.15/2024”.
Applications sent by post without prior online submission or incomplete submissions will not be considered.
How to Apply at The Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited (FACT)
Online Submission
Visit the official FACT recruitment portal.
Fill in the required details and upload your documents by the deadline (14.01.2025, 4:00 PM).
Offline Submission:- Download the application form.
Attach all required certificates/documents and send them via Speed Post/Registered Post to the specified address.
Ensure the documents arrive by 22.01.2025.
Download the Full Notification at The Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited (FACT) Engineer Civil PostClick here
Official Website Of The Fertilisers and Chemicals Travancore Limited (FACT Click here
Career Opportunity at Shapoorji Pallonji Construction Company
Hi, I am Amit, I am A Civil Engineer and Have More Than 11 Years Of Experience in the Construction Field, I Have Worked With Companies Like L&T and Tata Projects, I Have Been Blogging Since December 2019, I Like Sharing My Knowledge and Experience With You Guys, I Research a Lot Before Posting and Article. I Hope My Articles are helpful to you all.
Hi, I am Amit, I am A Civil Engineer and Have More Than 11 Years Of Experience in the Construction Field, I Have Worked With Companies Like L&T and Tata Projects, I Have Been Blogging Since December 2019, I Like Sharing My Knowledge and Experience With You Guys, I Research a Lot Before Posting and Article. I Hope My Articles are helpful to you all.
J Infratech Limited Hiring Through Walk-in-Interview: Btech|Diploma|Graduate| Walk-In Date 5th January 2025.
M/s J Infratech Limited (formerly Jandu Construction India Pvt. Ltd.) provides a career opportunity for job seekers in various job designations. This includes walk-in interviews (9:00 – 1700 hours) to be held on January 5, 2025, for various civil, mechanical, safety, accounts, and other positions. This is a great opportunity to work with an esteemed organization working on highway, metro & bridge projects.
J Infratech Limited Hiring For Multiple Positions
Table of Contents
Vacancy Details
Job Position
Qualification
Experience
Trainee Engineer (Civil & Mechanical)
BTech/Diploma (Civil or Mechanical)
Fresher
Engineer/Junior Engineer (Civil & Mechanical)
BTech/Diploma (Civil or Mechanical)
3 to 6 Years
Foreman/Supervisor (Civil & Mechanical)
12th/ITI
5 to 15 Years
Senior Executive/Executive (Accounts & Store)
Any Graduate
5 to 10 Years
Senior Executive/Executive (Health & Safety)
Any Graduate Diploma in EHS
5 to 10 Years
Senior Executive/Executive (Security)
12th/Graduate
Ex-Serviceman
Interview Venue and Requirements
Address
J Infratech Limited 39, Model Town Mandi Adampur, Hisar, Haryana – 125052
Date and Time of Walk-in
Date:– January 5, 2025
Time:– 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM
Documents to Carry While Attending Interview
>Updated CV
>Passport-size Photograph
>Last Payslip
>Qualification Proof
>Aadhar Card
Key Highlights
Job Location:– PAN India (opportunities available across multiple locations).
Fields of Expertise:– Highway, Metro, and Bridge construction projects.
Special Notes:– Experience in SAP or equivalent systems will be an added advantage for applicable positions.
Contact Information
For further details or queries, you can contact:- Phone: +91-9311012074. Email: hr@jinfratech.com
J Infratech Limited Hiring
Scan the QR code in the image (Given in Blog Post) for directions to the venue.
Career Opportunity at Shapoorji Pallonji Construction Company
Hi, I am Amit, I am A Civil Engineer and Have More Than 11 Years Of Experience in the Construction Field, I Have Worked With Companies Like L&T and Tata Projects, I Have Been Blogging Since December 2019, I Like Sharing My Knowledge and Experience With You Guys, I Research a Lot Before Posting and Article. I Hope My Articles are helpful to you all.
Shapoorji Pallonji Limited is Hiring For BE|Btech|Diploma|Civil|Engineers|managers
The construction industry is a path of lucrative career options! Here are the available positions with their Qualification(s), Experience , and Location. Those who may be eligible are welcome to Apply.
Candidates with to-do high-rise commercial and residential buildings, institutional buildings, and industrial projects experience working with a reputable construction contracting company. Applicants must show expertise in tracking timelines, safety, quality, budgets , and compliance.
Engineer / Sr. Engineer – Planning
Education:- Diploma / B.E. / B.Tech (Civil), PGDCM
Experience:- 5 – 15 Years
Location:- Delhi NCR, UP, Bihar and Jharkhand
Comment: Mandatory, experience in SAP is compulsory
Engineer / Sr. Engineer – Billing
Desired Qualification:-Diploma / B.E. / B.Tech (Civil)
Hi, I am Amit, I am A Civil Engineer and Have More Than 11 Years Of Experience in the Construction Field, I Have Worked With Companies Like L&T and Tata Projects, I Have Been Blogging Since December 2019, I Like Sharing My Knowledge and Experience With You Guys, I Research a Lot Before Posting and Article. I Hope My Articles are helpful to you all.
Hi, I am Amit, I am A Civil Engineer and Have More Than 11 Years Of Experience in the Construction Field, I Have Worked With Companies Like L&T and Tata Projects, I Have Been Blogging Since December 2019, I Like Sharing My Knowledge and Experience With You Guys, I Research a Lot Before Posting and Article. I Hope My Articles are helpful to you all.
Hi, I am Amit, I am A Civil Engineer and Have More Than 11 Years Of Experience in the Construction Field, I Have Worked With Companies Like L&T and Tata Projects, I Have Been Blogging Since December 2019, I Like Sharing My Knowledge and Experience With You Guys, I Research a Lot Before Posting and Article. I Hope My Articles are helpful to you all.
Hi, I am Amit, I am A Civil Engineer and Have More Than 11 Years Of Experience in the Construction Field, I Have Worked With Companies Like L&T and Tata Projects, I Have Been Blogging Since December 2019, I Like Sharing My Knowledge and Experience With You Guys, I Research a Lot Before Posting and Article. I Hope My Articles are helpful to you all.
They both have different features and also in different price ranges we will discuss all these things in this post Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra, after reading this full article you will be able to decide which phone is better for you so please read this full post I will keep it interesting for you guys.
Who should read this article?
If You are Looking For a New Phone with an Above average Price Range Then You Should Read the Full Article. After reading this article you will come to know which phone will be good for you and what are the features of both the phones and your hand you will also get to know many things.
Table of Contents
Overview of Both Models (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
So here both the current phones are from one brand, If you talk about both, Samsung (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24) has been okay for them till now, Galaxy S22 Ultra 5G was announced a few years back, maybe on February 09, 2022, and then the phone duo was officially launched as well, on 2022 February 25. While Samsung Galaxy S24 launch and release date is 18 January 2024 → 30 January 2024. Both phones are amazing.
Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra 5G
Launched in February 2022, the Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra 5G has gained a lot of popularity among mobile lovers around the world during its time and has acted a lot, this phone is both a Tablet and a Smartphone. It is also available with S Pen.
(Image Credit Samsung.com)
>6.8-inch Dynamic and AMOLED display and refresh rate is 120 Hz.
>Quad-camera setup led by a 108MP primary sensor.
>Exynos 2200 (global) or Snapdragon 8 Gen 1 (USA) chipset.
>5,000mAh battery with 45W fast charging.
Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra
Galaxy S24 Ultra is the Samsung brand for the year 2024, with huge upgrades and all the phones that came this year 2024. The joy upgrades of this phone continue making it more interesting and improved than other phones such as:-
(Image Credit Samsung.com)
A new more efficient Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 processor.
>A more efficient Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 chip.
>200MP camera sensor with advanced AI-powered photography features.
>Brighter and more energy-efficient AMOLED display.
>Support for faster 65W charging and better battery optimization.
These upgrades promise a significant leap in performance, but are they worth the additional cost?
Specification Comparison (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
A Side-by-Side Specification Table (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
Design and Build Quality (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra Design
The S22 Ultra 5G has a sleek glass-and-metal construction with curved edges and a large, sleek design that reminds of the Samsung Note series. It weighs 229 grams and its dimensions of 163.3 x 77.9 x 8.9 mm give it a premium, sturdy feel. Available in Phantom Black, Phantom White, Burgundy, and Green, it looks modern even in 2024.
Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra Design
With sharp edges and narrow bezels, the Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra has very appealing aesthetics. It weighs a bit less, at 228 grams, and comes in new colours — Graphite, Blue, and Beige. A more durable Armor Aluminum frame along with Gorilla Glass Victus 3 makes it less fragile, so it feels sturdier.
image credit Samsung.com
Display Quality (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
When it comes to the display, Samsung has always been a market leader, and both the Phones Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra show this expertise of Samsung on the Manufacturing Level.
Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra Display
The Galaxy S22 Ultra 5g sports a 6.8-inch Dynamic AMOLED 2X display with a pixel resolution of 1440 x 3088 and a refresh potential of 120HZ. It provides beautiful visual quality with highly saturated colour and deep blacks, making it perfect for watching videos, gaming, and browsing. You’re also getting HDR10 support for better contrast and up to 1750 nits peak brightness making it usable outdoors.
image Credit Samsung.com
Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra Display
Samsung S24 Ultra builds on this foundation with modern technology and features an advanced 6.8-inch AMOLED LTPO 3.0 display. While maintaining the same resolution and refresh rate across the screen, the new panel achieves a maximum brightness of 2500 nits, giving the phone no loss of brightness and full visibility even in broad daylight, what’s more, Samsung claims that this phone consumes minimum battery and energy even during maximum use.
Despite all these features, Vision Booster Pro is also included in the Samsung Galaxy Ultra S24. Which is equipped with modern technology and powered by Artificial Intelligence. The advantage of this technology is that the brightness and contrast of the display of S24 works according to the light of the surrounding environment.
Finally, if we talk about the results then S24 Ultra is ahead of S22 with better brightness and energy. But even after this, I will write about both the phones, because both the phones give good and attractive visuals which the users like a lot.
Performance and Processing Power(Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
Performance is one of the main areas in which it becomes clear that generations differ from each other, and so it is with the Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24.
Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra Performance
With the Exynos 2200 (global variant) or Snapdragon 8 Gen 1 (US variant) powering the show, the Galaxy S22 Ultra offers phenomenal performance for everyday tasks, gaming, and multitasking alike. However, the Exynos model can fall short of the Snapdragon version in demanding situations.
Given the up to 12GB RAM and UFS 3.1 storage on the S22 Ultra that maxed out with its major parts here, SoCs also give in to punishment in apps and games, and when newer chipsets come in, especially where the kick-oll is the chip.
Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra Performance
The Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 processor powers the Galaxy S24 Ultra, a 3nm chip that offers much higher performance and improved power efficiency compared to the SoC in the S22 Ultra. Amp up that with LPDDR5X RAM and UFS 4.0 storage, and you’re looking at surreal performance, allowing for butter-smooth multitasking and gaming even in the most demanding of 3D titles like Genshin Impact or Call of Duty Mobile.
Benchmarks show up to a 20% boost in CPU performance and 25% in GPU efficiency for the S24 Ultra over its predecessor.
image credit samsung.com
Conclusion:- The S24 Ultra is the undisputed champion if you need the best of the best, particularly when it comes to gaming and performance-heavy tasks.
Camera Performance (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
Samsung has an excellent camera system with its Ultra lineup, and this comparison shows it.
Rear Camera Comparison
The S22 Ultra boasts a primary sensor of 108MP along with 12MP ultrawide and two 10MP telephoto lenses with optical zoom at 3x and 10x. It takes sharp, vibrant pictures with very good detail, particularly in good light. Its Nightography tech makes it quite good for night photography as well.
However, the S24 Ultra brings a 200MP primary sensor into the mix for truly unparalleled detail and clarity. This helps to improve low-light photography further, as it helps to deliver cleaner and more vivid images in low-light conditions. The new telephoto lenses were also significantly improved in zoom quality, allowing more detail in images at high levels of magnification.
Front Camera Comparison
While both smartphones boast a 40MP front camera, the S24 Ultra adds AI-powered elements into the mix, delivering more lifelike selfies with proper skin tones.
Verdict: The camera on the S22 Ultra is still very capable if you’re a casual user. But if you’re a photography enthusiast, the improvements found in the S24 Ultra, especially in low-light, and zoom photography make it a better pick.
Battery Life and Charging Speed (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra Battery
Battery life is respectable on the S22 Ultra, thanks to a 5,000mAh pack, which will get you through the day with moderate use. It can also handle 45W wired charging (though you have to buy that adapter separately), 15W wireless charging, and reverse wireless charging for accessories such as Galaxy Buds.
Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra Battery
The S24 Ultra’s battery carries over the 5,000mAh capacity but adds 65W fast charging, so it gets fully charged in 30 minutes. Battery optimization is improved, which contributes to increased battery longevity and better power consumption.
Conclusion: The battery life for both phones is strong, though the S24 Ultra’s improvements in charging speed and optimization give it a slight edge.
Software and Updates (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra Software
The S22 Ultra debuted with Android 12 and Samsung’s One UI 4.1, and has been regularly updated since. It runs Android 14 as of 2024, but you may see important updates become constrained as Samsung shifts attention to more recent devices.
Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra Software
The S24 Ultra is powered by Android 14 and One UI 6.1 out-of-the-box with a cleaner UI, greater customization options, and enhancements for AI. Samsung offers four years of major upgrades and five years of security, so good software support for a long time.
Conclusion:- The S24 Ultra will provide better longevity with software updates, making it a more future-proof option.
Additional Features (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
In particular, the Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra and S24 Ultra come loaded with extra features that are sure to impress productivity fans, creative souls, and general tech lovers alike.
Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra Features
S Pen Functionality:- The S22 Ultra reintroduced the S Pen to the Galaxy family for accurate writing and drawing with a 9ms latency. These were groundbreaking figures for fans of the Galaxy Note series.
IP68 water and dust resistance: Survive up to 1.5 meters of water for 30 minutes.
DeX Mode — desktop interface when paired with a monitor or television, great for productivity.
Reverse wireless charging: Enables users to charge other devices wirelessly by laying them on the rear of the phone.
Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra Features
The S24 Ultra carries over the best features of the S22 Ultra but adds a few upgrades.
Improved S Pen:-The S24 Ultra’s S Pen gets Bluetooth 6.0 support. It enhances precision in controls and adds even more gesture controls.
Advanced Biometrics:- Equipped with the improved ultrasonic fingerprint scanner and face recognition for even faster and more secure unlock.
Satellite Connectivity:- Recent addition for emergencies, Now users can send SOS messages even when not in a mobile network range.
Enhanced DeX Mode:- Enables multi-window functionality wirelessly, providing users with seamless multitasking capabilities across multiple screens.
Conclusion:- The S22 Ultra paved the way for features such as the introduction of the S Pen and this time the S24 Ultra improves on the initial experience with more advanced tools and modern connectivity options.
Pricing and Value for Money (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra Pricing
The Galaxy S22 Ultra in base configuration launched for 63999 INR, but in 2024 you can find this phone at a much lower price. Now, you can get it for about 63999 INR(Check Actual Price On Amazon Click here), which is a friendlier flagship price.
Its flagship sibling, the Galaxy S24 Ultra, is brand new and begins at 121000 INR (Check Actual Price On Amazon Click here) for the entry-level configuration. This price is quite precious and likely quite attractive for those who want these ambitious specs, but it might be better used for users who want future-proofing where possible.
Conclusion:- If you’re on a bit of a budget and still want a high-performance flagship phone, then the S22 Ultra has great value. But if you want the best that Samsung has to offer and you’re willing to fork out for it, the S24 Ultra is absolutely worth your spend.
Pros and Cons of Each Phone (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra Pros and Cons
Pros:
>Gorgeous screen, and bright colours.
>Great camera system, especially for zoom shooting.
>Affordable pricing in 2024.
>Ideal for work with S Pen, DeX mode.
Cons:
>Outdated processor in comparison to newer flagships
>Lower charging speeds (45W instead of 65W on the S24 Ultra).
>Fewer future software upgrade guarantees.
Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra Pros and Cons
Pros:
>Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 chipset which is an industry-leading.
>Most advanced 200MP camera with AI enhancements.
>Indeed, battery optimization and faster charging.
>Long-term software and security updates.
Cons:
>Higher price point.
>Progressive advancements for everyday users.
Final Verdict (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
Both the Galaxy S22 Ultra and Galaxy S24 Ultra are stellar devices with their own merits.
Go with the Galaxy S22 Ultra if:
>You want a premium flagship, for less.
>You don’t necessarily need the latest hardware.
>Get the Galaxy S24 Ultra if:
>You want the latest and greatest performance, the best camera quality, and the features that are going to be relevant for years to come.
>You’re ready to shell out for the newest tech.
In the end, it’s up to your budget and your needs. If you care about price vs performance, the S22 Ultra is still a great choice right now in 2024. But if you’re a spec enthusiast or you want the best Samsung experience you can get, the S24 Ultra is an upgrade well worth making.
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)
Should you upgrade to Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra from S22 Ultra?
If you prioritize better performance, better cameras, and long-term software support, the `S24 Ultra’ is a good upgrade. The S22 Ultra is still overkill for most people, though.
Is the Galaxy S24 Ultra capable of faster charging than the S22 Ultra?
Yes, the S24 Ultra has 65W fast charging, as opposed to the 45W fast charging on the S22 Ultra.
Is the S22 Ultra good for gaming compared to the S24 Ultra?
Though the S22 Ultra exceeded expectations by firing up games, the Snapdragon 8 Gen 3 chipset in the S24 Ultra is better equipped to handle demanding titles, offering improved frame rates and power efficiency.
Which phone is more future-proof? (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
For longevity, though, the Galaxy S24 Ultra wins out, thanks to its newer processor, higher potential software support, and long-term features such as satellite connectivity.
Conclusion (Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24)
Both the Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra vs Samsung Galaxy S24 are strong performing in their aspects. Your choice will depend, of course, on your budget and your requirements — do you need an affordable buy with the S22 Ultra or cutting-edge innovation with the S24 Ultra?
Hi, I am Amit, I am A Civil Engineer and Have More Than 11 Years Of Experience in the Construction Field, I Have Worked With Companies Like L&T and Tata Projects, I Have Been Blogging Since December 2019, I Like Sharing My Knowledge and Experience With You Guys, I Research a Lot Before Posting and Article. I Hope My Articles are helpful to you all.
KEA Recruitment 2025: 2882 Posts in Different Departments; Apply Online
The Karnataka Examination Authority (KEA) released the latest job notification for 2025. This recruitment drive has a total of 2882 Job opportunities and Assistant Engineer, Junior Officer and various other roles across several departments. So this is the time when you apply and grab the opportunity to be somewhere you haven’t, this can be a golden opportunity for people who want a stable job and a revenue-generating source in a private organisation.
KEA Recruitment 2025
Here, we bring you all the details regarding KEA Recruitment 2025, including how to apply for these highly sought-after jobs.
Table of Contents
Highlights of KEA Recruitment 2025
Name of the Post: KEA Various Vacancy 2025 Online Form
The 2882 vacancies are distributed across several departments. Here’s a detailed look:
Department Name
Total Vacancies
Kalyana Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (KKRTC)
1752
North West Karnataka Road Transport Corporation (NWKRTC)
750
Karnataka Soaps and Detergents Limited (KSDL)
38
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences (RGUHS)
44
Bangalore Development Authority (BDA)
25
Agricultural Sales Department
180
Department of Technical Education
93
Eligibility Criteria
Candidates must meet specific educational qualifications to be eligible for these posts. Here are the basic requirements:
Educational Qualification:
The candidate should have qualified Secondary PUC, Any Degree, B.E/B. Tech, MBA, M.Sc, or MSW from a recognised institution.
Age Limit: To be detailed in the notification, to be issued shortly.
Who Can Apply For KEA Recruitment 2025?
Job seekers can benefit from this recruitment drive helping them to transition into reputable organizations and departments through stable job profiles. From recent graduates to experienced individuals seeking career transitions, KEA Recruitment has roles that span across different skill sets and qualifications.
How to Apply for KEA Recruitment 2025
The application process will be conducted online through the official KEA portal. Follow these steps once the application link is active:
Visit the official Karnataka Examination Authority website.
Find the notification titled “KEA Various Vacancy 2025 Online Form.”
Register yourself with basic details.
Fill out the application form with accurate information.
Upload the required documents.
Pay the application fee once the details are updated on the portal.
Submit the application form and save a copy for future reference.
Important Dates to Remember
While the exact dates for the application process are yet to be announced, candidates should regularly check the KEA website or trusted job portals like FreeJobAlert for updates.
Event
Date
Starting Date for Apply Online
Available Soon
Last Date to Apply Online
Available Soon
Application Fee
The application fee details have not yet been released. Keep an eye on the official KEA website for updates on the fee structure and payment methods.
Tips for Applying For KEA Recruitment 2025
Documents to Keep Ready: These are your educational documents, identity proof, and one recent passport-sized photo for uploading on the NTA website.
Instructions: Read the official notification for instructions and (eligibility) requirements.
Apply Early: Do not wait for the last date as you might face technical glitches or server issues.
Match Date: 2023; Pre-Screening: Details to follow
Opportunities Across Reputed Organizations
The roles in this recruitment span across well-known organizations like KKRTC, NWKRTC, and BDA, among others. Each department offers unique responsibilities, ensuring candidates have a wide array of career paths to choose from.
KKRTC & NWKRTC: These positions are ideal for those interested in contributing to Karnataka’s transportation sector.
KSDL: Join a reputed organization known for producing high-quality soaps and detergents.
RGUHS: Work in the prestigious Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, a leading educational institution.
Agricultural Sales Department: Support Karnataka’s agricultural sector by taking up a vital role in sales and distribution.
Key Notes
The KEA Recruitment 2025 offers a golden opportunity for candidates looking to work in diverse roles across Karnataka. With 2882 vacancies in multiple departments, the scope for growth and learning is immense. Start preparing your documents and qualifications to ensure you can apply once the portal opens.
Keep checking the official KEA website or job alerts for the latest updates. Don’t miss this chance to secure a bright future in one of Karnataka’s prestigious organizations.
FAQs
How many vacancies are there in KEA Recruitment 2025?
This recruitment is direct to fill up 2882 vacancies.
What are the educational qualifications needed?
Applicants must have Secondary PUC, Any Degree, B.E/B. Tech, MBA, M.Sc, MSW in related fields.
When does the application process start?
The exact date is not known yet.
Which Departments is this recruitment for?
KKRTC, NWKRTC, KSDL, RGUHS, BDA, Agricultural Sale Department, Department of Technical Education, etc.
What is the Website for KEA Recruitment 2025?
Once the link is active, applications can be filled out online through the KEA official website.
Hi, I am Amit, I am A Civil Engineer and Have More Than 11 Years Of Experience in the Construction Field, I Have Worked With Companies Like L&T and Tata Projects, I Have Been Blogging Since December 2019, I Like Sharing My Knowledge and Experience With You Guys, I Research a Lot Before Posting and Article. I Hope My Articles are helpful to you all.
